Estee Lauder free essay sample

The organization started in 1946 when Joseph Lauder and his significant other Estee Lauder started creating beauty care products in New York City. They previously conveyed just had four items: Super-Rich All Purpose Creme, Creme Pack, Cleansing Oil and Skin Lotion. After two years they set up their first retail chain account with Saks Fifth Avenue in New York. Throughout the following fifteen years they extended the range and kept on selling their items in the United States. In 1960 the organization began its first global record in the London retail chain Harrods. The next year it opened an office in Hong Kong. In 1964 they began Aramis Inc. , which delivered scents and preparing items for men. In1967 Estee Lauder herself was named one of ten Outstanding Women in Business in the United States by business and budgetary editors. This was trailed by a Spirit of Achievement Award fromAlbert Einstein College of Medicineat Yeshiva Universityin 1968. In that year the organization extended once more, opening Clinique Laboratories, Inc. We will compose a custom article test on Estee Lauder or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Cliniquewas the primary dermatologist guided (Dr. Norman Orentreich), hypersensitivity tried, aroma free corrective brand made by Estee Lauder. Estee Lauders Clinique brand turned into the first womens restorative organization to present asecond line for men when, in 1976, they started a different line called Skin Supplies for Men. In 1981the companys items opened up in theSoviet Union. In February 2004 the companys adolescent arranged Jane business was sold; in April 2006, the expert quality still a brand, which Estee Lauder bought in 1999, was sold. Since 2008, Estee Lauder organizations effectively propelled different new product offerings, including Grassoots Research labs, and in 2010 Estee Lauder reported the procurement of Smashbox Beauty Cosmetics from the Factor siblings, incredible grandsons of the amazing Max Factor. The organization has had here and there notorious spokesmodels, once in a while alluded to just as appearances. Past countenances for Estee Lauder incorporate Karen Graham, Bruce Boxleitner, Shaun Casey, Willow Bay, Paulina Porizkova, Elizabeth Hurley, Carolyn Murphy, Anja Rubik, and on-screen character Gwyneth Paltrow.

Islam or Shariah Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Islam or Shariah Law - Essay Example Islam or ‘shariah’ law oversees under the Islamic code referenced in the Quran and Hadiths.â It should be the lawful and good code for each Muslim, including strict issues budgetary positions and consistently issues. Since the actuate of the 21stcentury numerous Muslim nations including Malaysia, Indonesia morocco and Pakistan, urged and reacted to popular government and voiced their assessments of it being a vastly improved framework to administer nations. Regardless of whether the current sociopolitical and social settings are good with the ‘shariah’ law is the primary concern which plagues numerous Muslim people. The troubles looked by Muslims all over are because of the disarray over the legitimate frameworks for example regardless of whether to follow the Islamic method of discipline or to follow the state; whether the right strategy for exchange is the Islamic way (liberated from credit) or to follow the business and state approaches. There have cons istently been banters over the legal framework whether as to give unforgiving disciplines or let the constitution choose? The discussion goes on between political pioneer and researchers. Some Muslimscholarsbelieve that the amalgamation of ‘shariah’ laws in the legitimate arrangement of a nation is the most ideal approach to really watch the Islamiclaws. One case of this is the way that polygamy is culpable in a few nations, however permitted by Islamic law. In India dairy animals are viewed as holy yet they are a piece of the Islamic conciliatory custom of Eid where they are butchered. These are circumstances where a Muslim can't act dependent on his religion alone and needs to consider the state laws first. The response of â€Å"secularizingIslam† has not generally been a pretty sight. Simply a year ago the Archbishop of Canterburyâ was savagely examined by the Government and the political circle, his own Church and different religions after he upheld the sel ection of a couple ‘shariah’ laws in the British system.While some British Muslim researchers overlooked it saying it won't and needs more votes by the network. The primary concern is that most countries bolster mainstream frameworks which are not good with Islamic law. The way that the Archbishop was so intensely condemned shows that the lion's share in these countries don't bolster any such laws either. Muslims are thusly stuck in a circumstance where they should pick whether they wish to comply with the state law or follow their own.

Reflecting Paper of The Case of the Mismanaged Ms Essay

Reflecting Paper of The Case of the Mismanaged Ms - Essay Example Ed Coulter, the Vice President of showcasing conceded that he had fronted Dick to fill the situation rather than Ruth since Dick was a man, and since men will in general be in most plant settings, he expected that Dick could relate better to customers. In as much as both Dick and Ruth had equivalent capabilities required for the activity, Ed contended that ladies were not solid at more significant levels since they could get pregnant, or forsake their occupations so as to follow to their spouses dependent on their husbands’ employments or profession (Seymour, 1987). From all these, it is clear that Ed was one-sided against Ruth. It is illegal to deny ladies openings since they are foreseen to get pregnant. From Ruth’s and Barbara’s discussion, it is obvious that Triton doesn't advance governmental policy regarding minorities in society. The organization has neglected to regard ladies and see them as notable individuals who can increase the value of the organizati on and society on the loose. Most importantly, Ruth’s disclosure that ladies in Triton Company structure just 20% of the considerable number of workers is stressing. Moreover, there are just two ladies holding mid-level administrative situations, with no lady holding a situation at the top official level (Seymour, 1987). This is an unmistakable exhibit that ladies are victimized and their quality in the organization isn't considered of significant worth. Furthermore, I am amazingly stunned to hear Ruth’s protests with respect to the way in which Ed tends to her. At the point when Ed meets Ruth in the first part of the day and doesn't welcome her, however remarks on her pullover, her method of dressing, just as her eyes (Seymour, 1987), it serves to be an away from of lewd behavior. Ed does this intentionally with aims of causing Ruth to feel awful. This is an unsatisfactory conduct that ought not go on without serious consequences in any workplace. It is additionally i mportant that there are no reasonable systems that are being followed while advancing workers. This is credited to the way that data with respect to such open doors are passed by listening in on others' conversations. No proper correspondence is given to existing representatives to empower forward their applications to these positions. Rather, the Vice Presidents of different offices (every one of them are men) plunk somewhere around themselves and pick who to fill the situation with. It stresses that in all the cases they have selected just men, some of whom have not worked for the organization contrasted with ladies at their level (Seymour, 1987). This presents a few inquiries that request answers. For example, one might need to know, what job the Human Resource Manager of the organization plays on the off chance that she isn't engaged with the recruiting procedure. Moreover, one may address why the Vice Presidents consider giving these empty situations to men who don't merit them , forgetting about dedicated and accomplishing ladies. These demonstrations of segregation if not very much dealt with can be incredibly tragic to the organization. To start with, the organization may confront a few segregation claims which may gouge its open picture. The claims may uncover what's going on in the organization and disheartened splendid, dedicated and accomplishing ladies who had wished to be a piece of the Triton workforce. Furthermore, the organization may come up short on an assorted official staff. Inability to consolidate ladies in its activity may hurt the organization since examines have uncovered that remembering ladies for the official staff and having assorted variety is interrelated with better execution. This is on the grounds that disparate

The Dangers of Neoliberal Monetary Theory - 550 Words

The Dangers of Neoliberal Monetary Theory (Essay Sample) Content: Student NameProfessorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s NameCourseDateThe Dangers of Neoliberal Monetary TheoryIn his understanding of neoliberalism, Harvey explains that governments should have minimal intervention in the market economy if human well-being is to be advanced significantly (2). Consequently, he highlights that in neo-liberalism approach, after instituting frameworks that can almost guarantee free entrepreneurial freedoms and skills characterized by free trade and free market, the stateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s mediation in the market should be at the lowest point ever (2). While well put, neoliberal monetary theory has its risk that its enthusiasts should deliberate.Different scholars and institutions offer varied meaning of neo-liberalism monetary theory. There is, however, a general consensus of minimal state control in the monetary policies, and this has not always been true. There is a tendency by a state or government to reserve itself the right to arbitrate in the market. It doe s so mostly through monetary policies and anti-trust legislations, besides other avenues, with an aim to achieve price stability and ultimately preserve the market economy (Thorsen Lie 10). And there lies in one of the dangers of neo-liberal monetary theory. While the main point in neoliberal thought is minimal government control, and as Harvey points out, their duty is to set institutional framework to make the theory work, the question is whether this does work. It could be argued out that in an ideal environment where the theory can be implemented, more than minimal state intervention should be expected. Frankly, a critical evaluation could un-cover fluctuating levels of state control beyond the set limits. As result, neo-liberal monetary theory would be branded a failure whose ultimate is absolute instability in the market.Harvey argues that the government intervention would not be for the interest of all parties involved as they usually will lack correct information and often will be misled by powerful groups to do their bidding (2). Besides, regardless of where the policies come from, both the victims and the beneficiaries will always lobby to alleviate loses or increase their benefits. Knowing that governments are not in whole run by noble administrators but a majority of individuals who, despite their competence or lack thereof, have competing interests, many neoliberal economists could question the integrity of their models to work. In every government, there usually is a misunderstanding between the state departments in regard to the money allocated to them for their programs. While the ministry of finance is entrusted to act in the interest of the public, occasionally it does not. In essence, it is difficult to trust the state.Another danger of neo-liberal monetary theory is that it leans too much strongly to laissez-faire economic policies and the laissez-faire failures could be inherent upon its utility. Many proponents of laissez-faire hold th at government interventions for instance in price controls, have most times being inefficient. Opponents on the other hand point out that more of a government regulation is critical to stability in unstable market and they illustrate the textbook à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"market failuresà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ to their being lack of state control. Borrowing from this idea, it is jus... The Dangers of Neoliberal Monetary Theory - 550 Words The Dangers of Neoliberal Monetary Theory (Essay Sample) Content: Student NameProfessorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s NameCourseDateThe Dangers of Neoliberal Monetary TheoryIn his understanding of neoliberalism, Harvey explains that governments should have minimal intervention in the market economy if human well-being is to be advanced significantly (2). Consequently, he highlights that in neo-liberalism approach, after instituting frameworks that can almost guarantee free entrepreneurial freedoms and skills characterized by free trade and free market, the stateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s mediation in the market should be at the lowest point ever (2). While well put, neoliberal monetary theory has its risk that its enthusiasts should deliberate.Different scholars and institutions offer varied meaning of neo-liberalism monetary theory. There is, however, a general consensus of minimal state control in the monetary policies, and this has not always been true. There is a tendency by a state or government to reserve itself the right to arbitrate in the market. It doe s so mostly through monetary policies and anti-trust legislations, besides other avenues, with an aim to achieve price stability and ultimately preserve the market economy (Thorsen Lie 10). And there lies in one of the dangers of neo-liberal monetary theory. While the main point in neoliberal thought is minimal government control, and as Harvey points out, their duty is to set institutional framework to make the theory work, the question is whether this does work. It could be argued out that in an ideal environment where the theory can be implemented, more than minimal state intervention should be expected. Frankly, a critical evaluation could un-cover fluctuating levels of state control beyond the set limits. As result, neo-liberal monetary theory would be branded a failure whose ultimate is absolute instability in the market.Harvey argues that the government intervention would not be for the interest of all parties involved as they usually will lack correct information and often will be misled by powerful groups to do their bidding (2). Besides, regardless of where the policies come from, both the victims and the beneficiaries will always lobby to alleviate loses or increase their benefits. Knowing that governments are not in whole run by noble administrators but a majority of individuals who, despite their competence or lack thereof, have competing interests, many neoliberal economists could question the integrity of their models to work. In every government, there usually is a misunderstanding between the state departments in regard to the money allocated to them for their programs. While the ministry of finance is entrusted to act in the interest of the public, occasionally it does not. In essence, it is difficult to trust the state.Another danger of neo-liberal monetary theory is that it leans too much strongly to laissez-faire economic policies and the laissez-faire failures could be inherent upon its utility. Many proponents of laissez-faire hold th at government interventions for instance in price controls, have most times being inefficient. Opponents on the other hand point out that more of a government regulation is critical to stability in unstable market and they illustrate the textbook à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"market failuresà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ to their being lack of state control. Borrowing from this idea, it is jus...

The Effects Of Plague On The People Of Florence - 938 Words

The Bubonic Plague took the lives of many individuals in the heart of Florence. Its reign affected â€Å"not just that of men and women†¦but even sentient animals† (Stefani). While the plague only lasted a mere six months, from March 1348 – September 1348, it is a piece of time that society should forever acknowledge and learn from. Much of the significant information from the Bubonic plague are unbeknownst to people today, even though it possesses such an importance aspect in our history. Therefore, in this essay, I will discuss the effects the plague had on the people of Florence, and how the appearance of this plague brought about short and long term historical change what we see today. There were two types of effects that impacted the people of Florence; physical and mental. Physically, the plague’s effects would more often than not begin â€Å"with swellings in the groin and armpit† (Boccaccio). The swelling was reported to range in various diffe rent sizes, and was given a more local term known as, â€Å"gavaccioli† (Baccaccio). Sighting of a gavaccioli naturally meant that the plague had begun to spread to every part of an individual’s body, and meant that death was imminent. Other symptoms associated with the plague are â€Å"sudden fever; spitting blood and saliva† (Stefani), and anyone who got to the point of spitting blood rarely ever survived. The sickness physically effected majority of civilization in Florence and resulted in vast amounts of death throughout. While the plagueShow MoreRelatedThe Plague Of The Century1184 Words   |  5 PagesGiovanni Boccaccio was a writer from Italy that wrote during the destruction of Florence caused by the plague during the 1340s. His accounts show the multiple horrendous sights he experienced that were not only occurring in Florence, but all across Europe. From his novel, Boccaccio is able to illustrate why the plague caused a large amount of civil unres t and chaos among society. The details from his account allows a first person perspective for anyone trying to place themselves 600 years backRead MoreEurope and the Black Death Essay1541 Words   |  7 Pagesdisaster. Historians estimated that this unidentifiable disease killed â€Å"more than 20 million people in Europe–almost one-third of the continent’s population,† by the 1350’s (Black Death). Now in today’s society scientists classify the unidentifiable disease as the bubonic plague, also referred to as the Black Death. During fourteenth century European-society, there was no logical medical knowledge; instead, people resorted to supplementary explanations, such as God punishing misbehaving religious groupsRead MoreThe Black Death And The Bubonic Plague892 Words   |  4 PagesDeath or the bubonic plague was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people and peaking in Europe in the years 1346–53. The black death first appeared in Europe in 1347 in Sicily, the disease was most likely brought to Europe on a ship that had been trading on the black sea. The black plague was carried by flea-infested rodents and spread rapidly. Almost half of Europe was killed by the bubonic plague. So much death couldRead More The Black Death Essay1179 Words   |  5 Pages A plague is a bacterial infection that can take on more than one form. One of the greatest plagues that have stricken mankind throughout history was the Black Death. The Black Death was the outbreak of the bubonic plague that struck Europe and the Mediterranean area between 1347 and 1351. This plague was the most severe plague that hit the earth because of its origin (the spread), the symptoms, and the effects of the plague. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Scientists and historians are still unsureRead MoreCauses And Effects Of The Black Death1010 Words   |  5 Pages The Black Death was a catastrophic plague that struck Europe in the mid 14th century. This plague killed between 30 and 50% of the population in the places it struck leading many to believe this had been a punishment from God. The drop in population caused by the black death left excess wealth which would lead to changes in the social hierarchy and European society in general. The black death caused a severe drop in population and devastated the land leaving excess wealth for thoseRead MoreThe Impacts of Boccaccios Writing Style on the Tone of Decameron1609 Words   |  6 Pagesof the book itself - the Black Plague, which ravaged Europe around the time of the books setting and publication - plays a somber but vital role in this important work. The importance of the plague to the story is no less evident than in the introduction, which demonstrates the awesome power of the sickness. Boccaccios account of the plague during the time it hit Florence is often compared to real accounts and additional sources of information about the Black Plague, but it is often left wantingRead MoreThe Decameron Was A Collection Of Bawdy And Serious Tales Written By Boccaccio959 Words   |  4 Pageslikely born in Florence or Certaldo and was the illegitimate son of a wealthy Florentine merchant, Bocacino di Chellino. As a youth he was trained to follow in his father s business but he eventually chose instead to study canon law and subsequently pursued the arts. It is a combination of Greek words for ten and day. According to Frankforter, the Decameron is a fictive record of a hundred stories that ten Florentine men and women told to entertain themselves while they hid from the plague in the comfortRead MoreThe Artistic Developments Of The Early Renaissance Period2091 Words   |  9 PagesTo what extent were the artistic developments of the early Renaissance period reflective of the cultural changes brought about by the Black Death. It is without a doubt the Black plague that spread throughout Europe from 1348 had large scale social and economic effects, the catastrophic horrors and disbelief that individuals lived and died through interrupted and disordered existing customary traditions. Synchronously the rise from the Medieval ages to the early Renaissance art period was witnessRead MoreThe Decameron Was A Collection Of Bawdy And Serious Tales Written By Boccaccio1006 Words   |  5 Pageslikely born in Florence or Certaldo and was the illegitimate son of a wealthy Florentine merchant, Bocacino di Chellino. As a youth he was trained to follow in his father s business but he eventually chose instead to study canon law and subsequently pursued the arts. It is a combination of Greek words for ten and day. According to Frankforter, the Decameron is a fictive record of a hundred stories that ten Florentine men and women told to entertain themselves while they hid from the plague in the comfortRead MoreThe Black Death And Its Effects On Society843 Words   |  4 Pagesone of the deadliest infectious diseases in history. This fatal and rapidly spreading disease horrified people of its time. The disastrous natural catastrophe was only compounded with other setbacks in fourteenth century Europe. Those set backs include, warfare, religious turmoil and peasant unrest. Also known as the bubonic plague, it struck Europe in 1347 and killed close to 50 million people. This constituted as half of their population, killing entire families and destroying tribes and villages

Case Study Company Management For Managing The Current...

This paper is about a well-known pharmaceutical i.e. XYZ company where various division which have been deployed and designed to manufacture various pharmaceutical drugs through a proper and effective research of the related drugs. Here, we have been introducing a framework for the company for managing the current situation of business where company’s top management want a vigorous growth in total sales and the creation of shareholder values because they know the current situation of global pharmaceutical industry; have been continuously increasing the competitive environment, require to have a constant stream of products need to be produce as well as must have to ensure the products quality, it should be maintained in order to arrive in the range of best quality products that’s why Company is introducing a new venture to unite the decision-making of the board and require involvement of the top management team, key middle managers, quality assurance team and board members, â€Å"Management for health services delivery†. A major project of the company, available in its therapeutic areas where a quantitative amount of research is essential to achieve this objective for the company and a wide range of therapeutic areas are already available in its research centers which are situated around the world though for few, they are working but all need to be frame this project’s management goal i.e. quality assurance of the products which are highly required and important to clients orShow MoreRelatedEli Lilly and Company Case Analysis Essay1599 Words   |  7 PagesEli Lilly and Company Case Analysis The case under analysis, Eli Lilly Company, will be covering the positives and negatives with regards to the business situation and strategy of Eli Lilly. One of the major pharmaceutical and health care companies in its industry, Lilly focused its efforts on the areas of drug research, development, and marketed to the following areas: neuroscience, endocrinology, oncology, cardiovascular disease, and womens health. Having made a strong comeback in theRead MoreHow Different Are Branding Strategies in the Pharmaceutical Industry Versus Fast Moving Consumer Goods?7338 Words   |  30 PagesBRANDING STRATEGIES IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY VERSUS FAST MOVING CONSUMER GOODS? Abstract The objective of this paper is to analyse the branding strategies used currently in the pharmaceutical industry and compare it to the best practices in Fast Moving Consumer goods. First the authors review the differences in the way branding is defined and organised in pharmaceuticals versus FMCG and identify why branding could be leveraged in the pharmaceutical industry to help it return to strongRead MoreProblems Facing the Pharmaceutical Industry and Approaches to Ensure Long Term Viability14741 Words   |  59 PagesUniversity of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Master of Science in Organizational Dynamics Theses 5-4-2010 Organizational Dynamics Programs Problems Facing the Pharmaceutical Industry and Approaches to Ensure Long Term Viability Donald A. Baines University of Pennsylvania, djtz00@aol.com Submitted to the Program of Organizational Dynamics in the Graduate division of the School of Arts and Sciences in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in the OrganizationalRead MoreGlobal Pharmaceutical Industry-Overview and Succes4454 Words   |  18 PagesGLOBAL P HARMACEUTICAL I NDUSTRY : O VERVIEW S UCCESS F ACTORS A closer look at the factors affecting growth and development ProText Knowledge Services Global Pharmaceutical Market: Overview 1. Indust ry Overview The pharmaceutical industry of the world develops and markets medicines prescribed for patients by medical practitioners. The U.S., U.K and European pharmaceutical companies are the major ones of the industry. The total number of major pharmaceutical companies (annual revenuesRead MoreCsr Communication in the Pharma Industry35538 Words   |  143 PagesCSR COMMUNICATION IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY AN ANALYSIS OF THE WEBSITES OF THREE PHARMACEUTICAL WHOLESALERS MASTER THESIS Author: Josà © Javier Levrino (JL82847) Supervisor: Anne Ellerup Nielsen MA in Corporate Communication Ã…rhus, Denmark. August 2010 CSR COMMUNICATION IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY Josà © Javier Levrino Table of contents Abstract 1. Introduction 1.1 Motivation 1.2 Problem statement 1.3 Delimitation 1.4 Methodology 1.4.1 1.4.2 1.4.3 1.4.4 Scientific paradigm: hermeneuticsRead MoreFinance3312 Words   |  14 PagesImpact of Inventory management on the profitability of Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. 1. Introduction: Inventory is one of the factors that can control to improve business profitability. The way source and manage inventory can impact the different profit levels of income statement. Ignorance of how to use inventory advantage prevents you from maximizing operational efficiency. 2.1. Overview of the Company: SQUARE today is a name not only known in the Pharmaceutical world, it is today aRead MoreHistory of Indian Pharma Industry11902 Words   |  48 PagesCHAPTER: 1 INTRODUCTION History of Indian Pharma Industry The  Pharmaceutical industry  in  India  is the world s third-largest in terms of volume and stands 14th in terms of value. According to Department of Pharmaceuticals,  Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, the total turnover of India s pharmaceuticals industry between 2008 and September 2009 was  US$21.04 billion. While the domestic market was worth US$ 12.26 billion. Sale of all types of medicines in the country is expected toRead MoreProposal For Leadership And Management Development Programme2541 Words   |  11 PagesLeadership and Management Development Programme Background In the contemporary era of complex and fast changing world, very few managers are able to manage the volatile, complex and ambiguous employees. As quoted by Bass and Vaugen (1976),† the learning and development experience can bring a permanent change in behaviour, which can prove to be beneficial for the managers†. This leadership and management development programme is vital in the current expansion of this pharmaceutical organisation toRead MoreAlliance Management At Eli Lilly Lesson Essay8924 Words   |  36 Pagesï » ¿Alliance Management at Eli Lilly: Lessons on How Alliance Capability Contributes to Sustainable Advantage Luvison, Dave, Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship Executive  Summary Alliances  have  long  been  an  important  strategy  in  the  pharmaceutical  industry  even  thoughmore  than  half  fail.  Eli  Lilly  set  out  to  create  a  core  competence  in  the  area  of  strategic  alliancemanagement  that  would  not  only  improve  its  success  rate,  but  also  differentiate  the  firm  fromits  competitors  in  the  industryRead MoreA Case Study Approach for Understanding Supply Chain Orientation in Indian Pharmaceutical Firms6805 Words   |  28 PagesA Case Study Approach for Understanding Supply Chain Orientation in Indian Pharmaceutical Firms TOPIC AREA: OPERATIONS AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT Authors: Dr. J Shanmugan, Dr. Sajal Kabiraj Email: jshanmugan@skylineuniversity.com, skabiraj@skylineuniversity.com Address: Faculty Block 2, Skyline University College, P.O Box 1797, University City of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE Tel: 06 5441155 Ext 234, 219 A Case Study Approach for Understanding Supply Chain Orientation in Indian Pharmaceutical Firms

Competitive Strategy for Uber Technology - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Competitive Strategy for Uber Technology. Answer: Uber Brief introduction chas been operating its business activities mainly in transportation and also the delivery of food items is done. The business corporation has been providing the services to about more than 632 regions all over the globe and earned an amount of US$6.5 billion as revenue in 2016 financial year. The business entity has established its brand name in the transportation sector without making any kind of huge investments (Uber 2017). And this has developed and secured a monopoly position for the business corporation in the market. The business organization has been moving rapidly towards modernization and mechanization. And as a result, the organization has launched their mobile application which enables the customers to book the taxi and other services offered by the company. The drivers who are connected with Uber are required to have an owned or rented vehicle and also they are also required to have a smartphone which will enable them in tracking rides and customers. This is the main criteria for getting connected with the company and eventually, this has minimized the investment cost of the business corporation (Cannon and Summers, 2014). The corporation has been making the riders to work for part time and this also makes them make reductions in their labor costs. The business corporation has been operating activities in a low competitive market. Uber is keeping the customer's satisfaction on top priority and this keeps them a step ahead of their rivals and attaining the competitive advantage. On the basis of the survey conducted by Jonathan (2015), the business corporation has been operating business activities with an expert team of skillful and trained programmers and well-qualified mathematicians. These teams aids in planning and managing the plans and policies of the corporation Analysis of the data which consists of the details of the drivers and the customers, keeping tracks of the rides and all other details regarding the applications is monitored and operated by the experts (Cohen and Kietzmann, 2014). Updating the policies to some improved and attracting versions which aid the business corporation in attaining and attracting the consumers, for instance, offering discounts coupons and promo-codes for the travelers, guaranteed prices, ease and simplicity in the booking rides and accessing other services. These innovative strategies aid the business organization in attaining a competitive advantage and assist in sustainable developments for a long run. Current standing in market Ubers business model has been developed and made focused on establishing high standards and quality of services and that too at affordable prices. The below mentioned are the major components of the business model which are adopted by Uber: The major requirement for getting connected with the company is having an owned or a rented car. Moreover, the business entity also provides rented car service to the drivers if they are unable to arrange one (Cramer and Krueger, 2016). The company has been managing and balancing coordination between the operations and the services offered so as to provide high scale and distributed transportation platform. The firm also has a web-based portal and mobile application which enables the drivers and the customers to have an access to the rides. This application is easy to run and also provides other details which are related to the company and the services. For instance, easy booking offers if any, calculation of the estimated prices and tracking the rides. Moreover, the customers are also offered with the option of providing feedback and share their experiences during the rides. Amazon.com Brief introduction Amazon.com, Inc. is a well-established and renowned brand name in the sector of e-commerce. The business corporation is a multinational brand and was incorporated by Jeff Bezos in 1994 as an American e-commerce organization. The business corporation is recognized as one of the largest online retailers. The business entity has been marked on top, as presented in the sales and capital statements of the company. US$135.98 billion was the amount which was earned as revenue by Amazon in the financial year of 2016 and 306 was the number of the sold items in one second at the peak times (Amazon 2017). The motive of selecting Amazon for this analysis is that the business entity has been setting milestones which are very tough to be attained by the competition entities and the organization is one of the top online retailers which offers a high level of customer satisfaction. Cloud computing is one of the biggest system use by the business entity. Along with their online retailing services, the organization is not offering the diverse range of online services to its consumers. The other services offered include, Amazon Prime, online movies, online book store, cloud drive and web services. The business corporation keeps on innovating and introducing better and improved products and services (Girotra and Netessine, 2014). These innovations are done on the basis of the feedbacks provided by the customers, which aids Amazon in attaining a higher level of customer satisfaction. On the basis of the survey conducted it has been noted that the recent project of Amazon is Alexa, which is an artificial intelligence mechanism that is easily accessible through mobile and other electronic devices. Current standing in market The business corporation has adopted the business model which has been made focused on attaining growth by the low-cost structure. The below presented are the major components of this model: For attaining the pre-determined goals and objectives the business corporation has focused on developing a lower cost structure in the operational activities and functionalities (Laudon and Traver, 2013). This structure aids Amazon in attaining a high level of growth. The organization has a large chain of warehouses and online operations are the helping factor which assists the organization in maintaining low cost throughout their operations. The low-cost structure adopted by the corporation has been aiding by allowing the corporation in providing their products and services at affordable prices, as compared to its rivals (Foss and Saebi, 2015). Moreover, all kind of online transactions and process have been made very much easy, which aids in achieving customers satisfaction. A high level of customer satisfaction will increase the traffic on Amazons web-portals, eventually increasing their sales. References Amazon, 2017, Amazon, Assessed on 23rd August 2017, https://www.amazon.com/p/feature/rzekmvyjojcp6uc. Cannon, S. and Summers, L.H., 2014. How Uber and the sharing economy can win over regulators.Harvard business review,13(10), pp.24-28. Cohen, B. and Kietzmann, J., 2014. Ride on! Mobility business models for the sharing economy.Organization Environment,27(3), pp.279-296. Cramer, J. and Krueger, A.B., 2016. Disruptive change in the taxi business: The case of Uber.The American Economic Review,106(5), pp.177-182. Foss, N.J. and Saebi, T. eds., 2015.Business model innovation: The organizational dimension. OUP Oxford. Girotra, K. and Netessine, S., 2014.The risk-driven business model: Four questions that will define your company. Harvard Business Press. Laudon, K.C. and Traver, C.G., 2013.E-commerce. Pearson. Uber, 2017, Uber, Assessed on 23rd August 2017, https://www.uber.com/en-IN/our-story/.

nothing Essays - Team Sports, Alexander Cartwright,

There are many myths surrounding the origins of baseball. Many people believe that a young West Point Cadet named Abner Doubleday invented baseball one day in 1839 while in Cooperstown, New York. That is definitely not true. The Doubleday Myth was first created by a panel of "baseball experts" appointed to determine the origins of the game. The Commission based its conclusions on the testimony of one Abner Graves. History proved that Graves may not have been the most credible witness, however. Just a year later, Mr. Graves shot his wife, was declared criminally insane, and spent the rest of his life in a mental institution. Furthermore, when Doubleday died, he left behind thousands of personal letters. None of them mentioned baseball. It's hard to believe that if the man invented the game, he wouldn't have mentioned it at some point during his lifetime. It is now agreed that Abner Doubleday didn't invent baseball. The Doubleday Myth was perpetuated by the businessmen who founded the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1936 in Cooperstown. They used the myth to establish a geographic link between the new museum and the origins of the game that it honored. Greedy rats Who Invented Baseball? In reality, baseball evolved out of several different "bat and ball" games such as English Rounders, Cricket, and American Town Ball that had been around for centuries. But there is one man who deserves the credit for establishing the fundamental rules of the sport and for organizing the first baseball game. He is Alexander Cartwright. Cartwright was a member of the New York Knickerbockers, a club of young businessmen who regularly played Town Ball to escape the confines of their office lives and get some exercise after work. In 1845, Cartwright and a committee from his club drew up clear rules designed to convert Town Ball into a more elaborate sport. He called it Base Ball. Cartwright actually wrote down his rules for Base Ball, and many of them are still fundamental parts of the game, including the concepts of: (1) fair and foul territory; (2) three strikes per out; (3) three outs per inning; (4) nine players per side; and (5) ninety feet between bases. He also outlawed the Town Ball practice of "soaking a runner," which allowed a defender to hit a runner with the ball to get him out. Given the speed of a Roger Clemens fastball, that particular change was very good for today's players. The first baseball game played under these new rules took place on June 19, 1846 between Cartwright's Knickerbockers and another squad known as the New York Nine. The teams reviewed the Cartwright Rules before the game, and then began the competition. One difference between the First Baseball Game and the current game is that the teams played until one squad reached 21 runs. There were innings, but they were not limited to nine. The New York Nine slaughtered Cartwright's Knickerbockers 21-1. Cartwright eventually moved to California in 1849 to chase the gold rush. On his journey across the country, he introduced baseball to every town he stayed along the way. He later moved to Hawaii and set up formal baseball leagues, which have been credited as the direct precursors of the Major Leagues. In 1953, Congress officially recognized Cartwright as the inventor of modern baseball. Some baseball scholars now challenge this assertion, but to date, there is no proof of an earlier baseball game or an earlier delineation of the formal rules of the game. Unless and until such evidence is unearthed, it should be accepted that Alexander Cartwright invented baseball. Read more: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/When_was_the_first_baseball_game_played#ixzz1IgmoXfNX

P-39 Airacobra - Bell Aircraft - World War II

P-39 Airacobra - Bell Aircraft - World War II P-39Q Airacobra - Specifications General Length: 30 ft. 2 in.Wingspan: 34 ft.Height: 12 ft. 5 in.Wing Area: 213 sq. ft.Empty Weight: 5,347 lbs.Loaded Weight: 7,379 lbs.Maximum Takeoff Weight: 8,400 lbs.Crew: 1 Performance Maximum Speed: 376 mphCombat Radius: 525 milesRate of Climb: 3,750 ft./min.Service Ceiling: 35,000 ft.Power Plant: 1 Ãâ€" Allison V-1710-85 liquid-cooled V-12, 1,200 hp Armament 1 x 37 mm M4 cannon2 x .50 cal. machine guns4 x .30 cal machine gunsup to 500 lbs. of bombs Design Development In early 1937, Lieutenant Benjamin S. Kelsey, the US Army Air Corps Project Officer for Fighters, began to express his frustration over the services armament limitations for pursuit aircraft. Joining with Captain Gordon Saville, a fighter tactics instructor at the Air Corps Tactical School, the two men wrote two circular proposals for a pair of new interceptors which would possess a heavier armament that would allow American aircraft to dominate aerial battles. The first, X-608, called for a twin-engine fighter and would ultimately lead to the development of the Lockheed P-38 Lightning. The second, X-609, requested designs for a single-engine fighter capable of dealing with enemy aircraft at high altitude. Also included in X-609 was a requirement for a turbo-supercharged, liquid-cooled Allison engine as well as a level speed of 360 mph and an ability to reach 20,000 feet within six minutes. Responding to X-609, Bell Aircraft began work on a new fighter that was designed around the Oldsmobile T9 37mm cannon. To accommodate this weapon system, which was intended to fire through the propeller hub, Bell employed the unorthodox approach of mounting the aircrafts engine in the fuselage behind the pilot. This turned a shaft beneath the pilots feet which in turn powered the propeller. Due to this arrangement, the cockpit sat higher which gave the pilot an excellent field of view. It also allowed for a more streamlined design which Bell hoped would aid in achieving the required speed. In another difference from its contemporaries, pilots entered the new aircraft through side doors that were similar to those employed on automobiles rather than sliding canopy. To supplement the T9 cannon, Bell mounted twin .50 cal. machine guns in the aircrafts nose. Later models would also incorporate two to four .30 cal. machine guns mounted in the wings. A Fateful Choice First flying on April 6, 1939, with test pilot James Taylor at the controls, the XP-39 proved disappointing as its performance at altitude failed to meet the specifications set forth in Bells proposal. Attached to the design, Kelsey had hoped to guide the XP-39 through the development process but was thwarted when he received orders that sent him abroad. In June, Major General Henry Hap Arnold directed that the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics conduct wind tunnel tests on the design in an effort to improve performance. Following this testing, NACA recommended that the turbo-supercharger, which was cooled with scoop on the left side of the fuselage, be enclosed within the aircraft. Such a change would improve the XP-39s speed by 16 percent. Examining the design, Bells team was unable to find space within the XP-39s small fuselage for the turbo-supercharger. In August 1939, Larry Bell met with the USAAC and NACA to discuss the issue. At the meeting, Bell argued in favor of eliminating the turbo-supercharger altogether. This approach, much to Kelseys later dismay, was adopted and subsequent prototypes of the aircraft moved forward utilizing only a single-stage, single-speed supercharger. While this alteration provided the desired performance improvements at low altitude, the elimination of the turbo effectively made the type useless as a front-line fighter at heights above 12,000 feet. Unfortunately, the drop-off in performance at medium and high altitude was not immediately noticed and the USAAC ordered 80 P-39s in August 1939. Early Problems Initially introduced as the P-45 Airacobra, the type was soon re-designated P-39C. The initial twenty aircraft were built without armor or self-sealing fuel tanks. As World War II had begun in Europe, the USAAC began to assess combat conditions and realized that these were needed to ensure survivability. As a result, the remaining 60 aircraft of the order, designated P-39D, were built with armor, self-sealing tanks, and an enhanced armament. This added weight further hampered the aircrafts performance. In September 1940, the British Direct Purchase Commission ordered 675 of the aircraft under the name Bell Model 14 Caribou. This order was placed based on the performance of the unarmored and unarmed XP-39 prototype. Receiving their first aircraft in September 1941, the Royal Air Force soon found the production P-39 to be inferior to variants of the Hawker Hurricane and Supermarine Spitfire. In the Pacific As a result, the P-39 flew one combat mission with the British before the RAF shipped 200 aircraft to the Soviet Union for use with the Red Air Force. With the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, the US Army Air Forces purchased 200 P-39s from the British order for use in the Pacific. First engaging Japanese in April 1942 over New Guinea, the P-39 saw extensive use throughout the Southwest Pacific and flew with American and Australian forces. The Airacobra also served in the Cactus Air Force which operated from Henderson Field during the Battle of Guadalcanal. Engaging at lower altitudes, the P-39, with its heavy armament, frequently proved a tough opponent for the famed Mitsubishi A6M Zero. Also used in the Aleutians, pilots found that the P-39 had a variety of handling problems including a tendency to enter a flat spin. This often was the result of the aircrafts center of gravity shifting as ammunition was expended. As distances in the Pacific war increased, the sh ort-range P-39 was withdrawn in favor of increasing numbers of P-38s. In the Pacific Though found unsuitable for use in Western Europe by the RAF, the P-39 saw service in North Africa and the Mediterranean with the USAAF in 1943 and early 1944. Among those to briefly fly the type was the famed 99th Fighter Squadron (Tuskegee Airmen) who had transitioned from the Curtiss P-40 Warhawk. Flying in support of Allied forces during the Battle of Anzio and maritime patrols, P-39 units found the type to be particularly effective at strafing. By early 1944, most American units transitioned to the newer Republic P-47 Thunderbolt or North American P-51 Mustang. The P-39 was also employed with the Free French and Italian Co-Belligerent Air Forces. While the former was less than pleased with the type, the latter effectively employed the P-39 as a ground-attack aircraft in Albania. Soviet Union Exiled by the RAF and disliked by the USAAF, the P-39 found its home flying for the Soviet Union. Employed by that nations tactical air arm, the P-39 was able to play to its strengths as most of its combat occurred at lower altitudes. In that arena, it proved capable against German fighters such as the Messerschmitt Bf 109 and Focke-Wulf Fw 190. In addition, its heavy armament allowed it to make quick work of Junkers Ju 87 Stukas and other German bombers. A total of 4,719 P-39s were sent to the Soviet Union through the Lend-Lease Program. These were transported to the front via the Alaska-Siberia ferry route. During the course of the war, five of the top ten Soviet aces scored the majority of their kills in the P-39. Of those P-39s flown by the Soviets, 1,030 were lost in combat. The P-39 remained in use with the Soviets until 1949. Selected Sources Military Factory: P-39 AiracobraNational Museum of the US Air Force: P-39 AiracobraAce Pilots: P-39 Airacobra

Reflective journal Mo4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflective journal Mo4 - Essay Example Sometimes, however, we just don’t want to be blamed for what might be a wrong decision, so it is easier to share the blame with others in a group decision. After all, if several of us agreed to the decision, then maybe the mistake was not that obvious, and therefore I, as one of the decision makers, won’t look too ridiculous for making it. But there are decisions, I know, that I alone could make: what career to take, whom to marry, where to work, what would make me happy. If I were a manager, then there would be decisions the company would expect me to make personally, due to shortness of time or lack of resources. There may be consultants, or techniques such as the SWOT, which could help me to decide by clarifying issues and gaining a balanced perspective on the problem. However, I will have to find the courage to make the decision by myself, with due care, but in due time. In the end, if we aspire to be managers – of businesses, projects, people, even of our own lives – then we must face the task of decision-making with confidence and competence. We must develop the skill of sound and rational deliberation based on the information and time available. There will always be a risk of being wrong, but being wrong is better than being

Personal statement for communication major Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

For communication major - Personal Statement Example Yet my parents could understand what I was trying to say in my child-speak way. Then as I grew older, I began to notice the way that people are always interconnected and talking to each other. Communication has become a vital tool in the existence of mankind. In fact, it seems that without the interconnectivity that technology and communication allows us to have, our evolution as a people would come to a standstill. One would be hard pressed to imagine a word without communication. Even the deaf, mute, and the blind have their own methods by which they communicate with each other and those around. It is this fascination and simple understanding of how communication works for us as a society that led to my continuously increasing interest in the field of communication. Communication is the most important tool that we have as a people in terms of creating a bond and fostering understanding of people across the borders of countries. It is what unites us as the people of this planet. Due to the existence of social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter, Tumbler, Instagram, and the like, communication has come to the forefront of the consciousness of the people. This instant method of connecting with each other has served to bring communication to higher levels of use and existence. These days, one will be hard pressed to find somebody who does not have an international base of friends due to the network that these communication channels allow us to create based upon shared interests and other criteria. The world has become a better place because of evolution of our communication skills and gadgets. People easily connect and find common ground with each other these days because the internet has allowed people who communicate in various languages. In fact, I have often said that communication, just like any other spoken language on this planet, is a living, breathing, and evolving thing. Communication has in effect, taken on a life of its own and we owe

A Stereotypical Teenager Essay Example for Free

A Stereotypical Teenager Essay Loud, obnoxious, rebellious, out of control, and up to no good†¦ these are just a few of a wide number of stereotypes that are attributed to American teenagers. What is it about teenagers that make the rest of society seem to turn against them? I believe that there are many misconceptions about teenagers. Many people in different generations sincerely believe that all teenagers are up to no good, and are guaranteed trouble no matter where they are. I am not arguing that teenagers like that don’t exist, because there are plenty of them out there, but it bothers me that one type of teenager has been able to spoil the image of all other teenagers. Personally I think that these stereotypes apply more to me because I am a male. In addition to being a male teenager, I also have noticed that people think negatively of me because I wear a longer hair style than what is typically expected in society. Some people grow long hair to show rebellion, or to be unique, but I wouldn’t classify myself into either of those categories, I simply enjoy having it more than short hair. But because of that, many members of society link certain stereotypes of male teenagers to me because I show long hair. I could be considered many different things including: rebellious, troubled, angry, arrogant, or any other sort of stereotype out there. How could anyone possibly claim to know all of these false accusations simply based on my age, and my gender? At times it can be bothersome when people take certain precautions around teenagers, because they believe that we are all reckless, and dangerous. Parents will cross to the opposite side of the street with their kids, people clear sidewalks when walking, other drivers tense up on the road, and all while this is happening, other people will keep one eye carefully watching, just to make sure that all of the rotten teenagers don’t do anything dangerous. I sometimes think that people see me and other teenagers as giant, shiny explosives that are about to detonate, so everyone else needs to distance themselves as much and as quickly as possible. Just because a teenager happens to be walking around outside, that should in no way trigger a response where people feel that it isn’t safe to be near  teenagers. Although it does bother me, I can also see a point of view where I would do the same thing. If I saw someone outside that looked a little bit off-beat to me, I would most likely go a different path as well. However, that raises the question, why does society take in all of these stereotypes and live all of their lives believing false statements? All of it is ridiculous I believe. Anyone that knows me will be able to explain that I am the exact opposite of a stereotypical teenager, so no one should need to take precautions if they see me out somewhere. A stereotypical teenager would most likely be thought of being connected to alcohol, tobacco, and drugs in some way, shape, or form; I on the other hand do not do any of those things, and am strongly against them. Because I do not consider myself anywhere close to a stereotypical teenager, it does bother me when people mistake me for doing those types of activities. All of these common stereotypes don’t do any good for the people who actually work hard, and try to do something with their lives. For many people, stereotyping does more than just become a bothersome hassle. For a handful of teenagers, the effect of stereotyping makes them feel pressured into behaving like a stereotypical teenager. For example, some people do drugs and alcohol because they are expected to by society’s stereotypes, so someone may think, â€Å"Oh, I am a teenager now, I guess because other people are drinking then I have to as well.† I don’t even see peer pressure as that much of an issue here, people tend to start drinking or doing drugs voluntarily; more often than not, there isn’t peer pressure that is forcing them into doing something. And that creates an entire roundabout of madness. To simplify this; many people start acting like stereotypical teenagers, because they feel that they need to in order to be a â€Å"normal† teenager. But that in turn makes society cast out teenagers, when it is actually those same members of society who created these stereotypes for teenagers to follow. In reality, there are several statistics that illustrate a decline in teenage drug abuse, alcoholism, and teenage pregnancy, yet stereotypes still exist (Poole). Are all teenagers loud, obnoxious, rebellious, out of control, and up to no good? Obviously not, there is no way that every single teenager in the world  could fit that description. And yet, society still labels every teenager in the world by a description very similar to that. The few teenagers that live a life similar to that have managed to destroy the image of every teenager that happens to be a good kid. It seems that hardworking, determined, and honest teenagers don’t have a place in the world anymore. They are out there, and ready to be noticed, but the rest of society has chosen to view them in the same manner as the bad crowds that exist in the teenage population. Quite strange, that the model teenager that is acceptable in society is not taken seriously. Why does society view superior teenagers that way? It is not only teenagers; it is everybody in the world. No person will ever be right in prejudicing someone, no matter who they are.

Financial Management Notes Essay -- GCSE Business Management Studies

ROLE OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Financial management is one of the functions of management -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Financial management is concerned with o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Profits and losses of operations  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Control over funds o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ensuring appropriate cash flow is available o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Chas management o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Raising funds / controlling internal funds o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Investment of funds o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cost control / pricing o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Forecasting / measuring financial performance against expectations -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Accounting is a subset of financial management. Financial transactions must be recorded, classified, stored and eventually reported to the managers. -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  OBJECTIVES OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Liquidity Refers to cash reserves being held, or to the ability to turn and investment into cash with little or no delay or loss of capital o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Solvency Refers to a business ability to pay its debts when due, and remain a going concern o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Profitability Refers to how profitable the business is from the perspectives of profit on sales, assets and shareholders equity o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Efficiency Examines how well working capital is managed, that is how quickly cash is collected from debtors, inventory sold and creditors paid. o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Growth Once a business is formed and operations commence, it enters a growth phase, where there should be an increase in the number of goods or services sold -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  THE PLANNING CYCLE o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Strategic or corporate plans involve how the business can accomplish its objectives, generally to create a strong competitive advantage o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Organisational planning processes involve   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The formulation of mission, goals and objectives,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An analysis of key environmental variables that present opportunities, threats, and constraints. It is known as an environmental audit   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An organisational audit to evaluate strengths and weaknesses and identify where change needs to be met   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The formulation of strategies within deadlines to achieve specific objectives   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Monitoring and review to ensure that the mission is on target and that performance indicators are being met o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tactical plans focus on the most efficient resource use by a business unit or department o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Operational plans are concerned with implementing the strategic plan through day to day processes, procedures, workflow and efficiency o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Financial plans represent the dollar quantification of the stra... ...e lease agreement come to an end. Here the emphasis is on rental, rather than what is effectively deferred purchase. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The lessee may be responsible for paying all or any of the maintenance, insurance operating costs etc ï‚ §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Factoring †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Is the selling of accounts receivable or debtors ledgers to a third party for less than the book value ï‚ §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sale and leaseback †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Refers to a transaction in which the seller retains the use of an asset such as occupancy of a building, by simultaneously signing a lease, with the purchaser of the asset at the time of sale -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  EFFECTIVE FINANCIAL PLANNING  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  EFFECTIVE CASHFLOW MANAGEMENT ï‚ §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Source of funds = use (application) of funds ï‚ §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sources include †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Injection of new capital †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Raising new loans †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reductions in stock ï‚ §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Applications include †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pay out of loans †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tax paid †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Purchase of fixed assets ï‚ §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Management strategies for cash flow problems include †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Shortening the operations cycle †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Increasing net profit margins †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Increasing trade payable †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Borrowing money †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Maintaining a minimum cash reserve

Factors affecting women working in the pharmaceutical sector in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Introduction Thanks to its considerable oil resources, Saudi Arabia has evolved from a relatively poor country to become the world’s dominant oil producer and one of the wealthiest regions in the Middle East. There is international pressure on the rulers to embrace political and social reforms, including enhancing the participation of women within the national workforce. Research Background Interesting findings about working women in adjacent Jordan have been generated by the country’s National Centre for Human Resource Development, which has carried out research into the experience of women workers in the private sector, namely in the Communications, Internet and Pharmaceuticals industries. This research was prompted because of recognition that â€Å"women’s participation in the Jordanian labour market is growing and the fact that women’s participation is often hindered by social perceptions, practices and sometimes legislation† (Peebles, Darwazeh, Ghosheh and Sabbah, 2007). Given the size and scale of Jordan (population approximately 6.5 million) compared with Saudi Arabia (population approximately 27.1 million), it seems likely that some of these hindrances will also apply to Saudi Arabia. The pharmaceuticals industry in Saudi Arabia is the richest in the Gulf region[1] and among the largest of all those in the Middle East: â€Å"Saudi Arabia represents 65%, or $1.7 billion of the pharmaceutical market in the member countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)[2], which is currently valued at $2.7 billion per year[3]† (Issa, Al-Ammar and Mostafa, 2009). Proposal The research proposal is to examine the factors affecting women working in the pharmaceuticals industry, with particular reference to perceived advantages and barriers. It is anticipated that the issues arising will include those touching on human rights, equal opportunities and discrimination; religion and education; legislation, including family law; cultural norms; and also resistance to radical change within the community of Saudi Arabian females. Academic Literature Academic treatises on women in Muslim cultures include a synopsis of literature reviews produced by the Library of Congress (Offenhauer, 2005), which includes chapters on women’s roles in the productive economy as well as in the domestic setting. Maryland University’s Professor in the Department of Business and Executive Programs, Dr. Dorothy Minkus-McKenna, researched entrepreneurship among Saudi Arabian women albeit on an exploratory basis and without the benefit of statistical data, and noted the different ways in which ‘success’ is measured and valued. This provides useful background information about women’s perceptions of their role in the workplace. In a further look at entrepreneurship, another study (Sadi and Al-Ghazali, 2009) sought to establish what motivated women entrepreneurs and pinpointed barriers as being a lack of co-ordination and governmental support; limited competition due to market domination; a dearth of market studies; poor support from the internal community and the general restrictions imposed by society. Whilst limited, the available literature serves to confirm that women in Saudi Arabia struggle to establish themselves in the workplace on an equal footing with men. Overall Aim and Objectives The aim of the research is to identify the key factors that act as obstacles to women working in the pharmaceuticals sector in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). To achieve this, the focus of the research will be on the pharmaceuticals company, Saudi Pharmaceutical Industries[4], one of the largest research-driven companies producing veterinary, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals products in KSA. The objectives of the research will be to establish: Whether societal and cultural norms in KSA act against women making progress in the workplace. Whether the impact of legislation relating to the workplace has an adverse affect on women. Whether childcare responsibilities interfere with women’s progress in their working lives. Whether financial pressures, and related issues, have a bearing on working women. In relation to the pharmaceuticals sector: Whether there are perceptions that some jobs are more appropriate for women than others. Whether gender bias, marital status, personal appearance and religious discrimination have a bearing on recruitment techniques and practices. Whether there are perceived or real barriers to women achieving management positions. Research Methodology and Methods A number of methods will be used in order to achieve the objectives. Secondary research will establish the required information on cultural and societal norms, and legislation. Primary research will provide the quantitative and qualitative information pertaining to women in the workplace. Participants will be invited to complete a questionnaire without disclosing their name. In this way their anonymity will be protected and it should ensure that they are able to be open and honest about their workplace experiences without any fear of reprisal. Online questionnaires will enable participants with access to a computer to respond relatively quickly and easily, however paper questionnaires can also be issued if this is deemed more suitable for certain members of the sample population. Primary Research A questionnaire designed to elicit the required information will be prepared for workers at the Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA). The Authority was established on 10th March 2033 and is charged with ensuring that drugs and foodstuffs manufactured for consumption by humans and animals are safe; this includes chemical and biological substances and also medical equipment. SFDA has been chosen because it has a relationship at some level with all the pharmaceuticals companies in Saudi Arabia, and it also sets the standards and regulations as to how they operate. Questionnaire 1: The survey will include a sample of both male and female workers at SFDA, based on the demographic of people of working age in Saudi Arabia. Current estimates indicate that the ratio of males to females aged 15–64 years is approximately 5:4, however it is not known exactly how many female workers are currently employed at SFDA. Ideally, a sample of 180 employees would include 100 men and 80 women. The questionnaire will ask workers about their educational background prior to employment, to provide information on their current position at SFDA. Data will be gathered on their responsibilities in the workplace, and also those outside work relating to childcare and care of any other dependants. Questions about the impact the job makes on their financial situation will be included. Finally, the questionnaire will seek to establish the career plans of participants and their experiences of training and promotion. Questionnaire 2: Directed at Human Resources (HR) personnel, this questionnaire will ask about participants’ interview techniques when recruiting staff, including the extent to which personal questions about an applicant’s marital status, social status, place of residency and childbearing plans are discussed. Peebles, Darwazeh, Ghosheh and Sabbah (2007) found it was common practice among HR professionals in Jordan to ask personal questions at job interviews, which the staff justified on the basis that this was a way of obtaining information about the character of an applicant, and of determining their suitability for work-related travel or overtime. The questionnaire will ask about the types of jobs, and the opportunities for training and promotion, that are available to men and women, with the intention of determining whether these are on an equal footing. Qualitative information on the perceived commitment levels of female and male employees will also be sought. Other Methods Data collection could also be achieved via a longitudinal study, that is where the researcher spends a considerable period of time embedded in the organisation in order to observe interrelationships and company operations on a day-to-day basis. Structured or semi-structured interviews could be conducted with workers and HR personnel as an alternative to a survey. One or more focus groups could be convened to discuss the findings of the survey, in order to provide enhanced qualitative information. These methods have been considered and rejected as they are either too time-consuming and impracticable. Secondary Research Reports and articles by other researchers concerned with female workers in the Middle East and their work experiences in pharmaceuticals companies will be studied to obtain an overview of the sector and the key issues relating to women workers. Very basic statistical information about SFDA is also available on LinkedIn[5] where a few members of staff are also listed. Data Analysis Information from the questionnaires will be analysed to elicit clear information on the position of women working in pharmaceuticals in KSA – their educational background, experience of recruitment, training and promotion and any barriers they have encountered in terms of their advancement in the workplace. Qualitative information will provide the context for the statistics. Planning and Critical Analysis Permission will be needed from the SFDA Executive Management to conduct the survey among a sample of staff members, and the researcher’s contact person within the company could facilitate this. If permission is not granted, it may still be possible for some members of staff to participate in a private capacity (for example, via LinkedIn) although participants may be hesitant and it may be difficult to attract 180 people by this method. SFDA may wish to alter the wording or the questions in the survey to suit company needs, however any proposed changes will have to be carefully scrutinised by the researcher before any changes are agreed. Alternatively, another pharmaceuticals company could be used, such as Merck Serono, which has a base in Saudi Arabia but company headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland and a UK office. Limitations The surveys are limited to a selection of the working population in one specific organisation and although a degree of extrapolation is possible the findings will not represent a comprehensive and in-depth view of the country’s entire pharmaceuticals sector. Timescale Obtaining permissions and approvals and distributing questionnaires will take up to five weeks, with data analysis in week six and writing up of the findings in weeks seven – ten. References: BBC (2012). Saudi Arabia profile. Online. 16th January. [available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14702705] Issa, N.A., Al-Ammar, A.I. and Mostafa, S. (2009) Healthcare and Pharmaceutical Industries in Saudi Arabia. American Health Lawyers Association. Minkus-McKenna, D. (2009). Women Entrepreneurs in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Working paper. http://bit.ly/yCoxTY Offenhauer, P. (2005). Women in Islamic societies: a selected review of social scientific literature. Report. Library of Congress. Online. [available at: http://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/pdf-files/Women_Islamic_Societies.pdf] Peebles, D., Darwazeh, N., Ghosheh H. and Sabbah, A. (2007) Factors Affecting Women’s Participation in the Private Sector in Jordan. Research Report. National Center for Human Resources Development. Sadi, M. A. and Al-Ghazali, B. M. (2010). ‘Doing business with impudence: A focus on women entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia. Research paper.’ African Journal of Business Management Vol. 4(1), pp.1-11, January. Online. [available at: http://www.academicjournals.org/AJBM]. Saudi Food and Drug Authority. [available at: http://www.sfda.gov.sa/En/Home/Topics/about/]

The Origin Of Species Revolutionized The Way That Changed...

The theory of evolution in itself is an evolution. The way humans understand how life came to exist and how it has changed along the way reflects the different socio economic environments we have created. For any scientist, previous theory’s and ideas from historians or other scholars are used in part to form the basis of understanding of new information (Klyve, D. k. 2014). The understanding of evolution as we see it today comes from many areas of the world amid varying time periods. The most famous and current understanding is that of Darwin, in 1859 his book On the Origin of Species revolutionized the way we see life and its continuity through natural selection. In this essay I will look at a project pertaining to the observational study of tropical fish that have changed through time with natural selection and divergence of geographical isolation. Scientists have found that by comparing genome scans, links in different lineages of Pacific reef fishes give an example of how isolating barriers contribute to morphologic changes in the species, (Gaither, M. R.,2015). I will also look at another study which suggests that natural selection is flawed as it does not take into account the current understanding of genomics. this study suggests that instead of natural selection and the process of evolving traits through the added complexity of structures in a species, species evolve due to random changes from the evolution of genomes (Randall JE 2007). Their idea if genomesShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pages1700s. But at the same time, without serious attention to the processes and misguided policies that led to decades of agrarian and industrial depression from the late 1860s to the 1890s, as well as the social tensions and political rivalries that generated and were in turn fed by imperialist expansionism, one cannot begin to comprehend the causes and consequences of the Great War that began in 1914. That conflict determined the contours of the twentieth century in myriad ways. On the one hand, theRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesvaluable. Peter Holdt Christensen, Associate Professor, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark McAuley et al.’s book is thought-provoking, witty and highly relevant for understanding contemporary organizational dilemmas. The book engages in an imaginative way with a wealth of organizational concepts and theories as well as provides insightful examples from the practical world of organizations. The authors’ sound scholarship and transparent style of writing set the book apart, making it an ingenious read